The electrodes in a spark plug typically consist of high nickel alloys while the insulator is generally made of aluminum oxide ceramic and the shell is made of steel wire.
Aluminium oxide ceramic spark plug.
Selection of materials for both the electrodes and the insulator have consumed much research and development time and cost.
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Though various materials have been used for spark plug insulators through the years the current contender is aluminum oxide.
This modern day insulator provides many benefits over previous designs including superior insulation or thermal conductivity.
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Generally the materials used are alumina compounds.
Federal mogul corp a southfield mich based supplier of oem and aftermarket automotive components and systems has introduced a new high performance spark plug featuring a high alumina insulator material that enables the plug to handle the increasing thermal voltage and other requirements of modern high output gasoline engines.